pdf("rpd2_6.pdf") library(MASS) A <- matrix(c(1,2,3,3,5,7),byrow=T,ncol=2) y <- matrix(c(6,9,21),ncol=1) ginv_A <- ginv(A) x <- ginv_A %*% y Aginv_AA <- A %*% ginv_A %*% A A y ginv_A x Aginv_AA dev.off()