See the PortMaster Routing Guide for OSPF configuration instructions and examples.

Large OSPF routing tables might require the PortMaster to be upgraded to 4MB or 16MB of memory. See your hardware installation guide for more information.

Note ¯ After making changes to an OSPF configuration, you must use the save all and reset ospf commands to ensure that the changes take effect and are retained after PortMaster reboots.

Displaying OSPF Information

• show global-see page 2-27

• show memory-see page 2-30

• show propagation-see page 10-26

• ifconfig-see page 2-9, and this chapter

• show ospf areas

• show ospf links

• show ospf neighbors

• show routes

  For general information about using the command line interface, refer to Chapter 1, "Introduction."

Summary of OSPF Commands

OSPF Commands

Command Syntax
add ospf area Area	- see page 11-4
add propagation Protocol(src) Protocol(dest) Metric Filtername	- see page 10-3
add route Ipaddress/[NM] IPaddress(gw) Metric	- see page 10-15
delete ospf area Area	- see page 11-5
delete propagation Protocol(src) Protocol(dest)	- see page 10-3
ifconfig	- see page 2-9 and page 11-5
reset ospf	- see page 11-6
reset propagation	- see page 10-6
save ospf	- see page 11-7
set debug ospf on|off	- see page 17-10
set Ether0 ospf accept-rip on|off	- see page 11-7
set Ether0 ospf on|off [cost Number][hello-interval Seconds][dead-time Seconds]	- see page 11-8
set Ether0|S0|W0| user Username| location Locname route-filter in|out Filtername	- see page 10-8
set location Locname|S0|S10|W1|user Username ospf on|off [cost Number] [hello-interval Seconds] [dead-time Seconds]- see page 11-9 [nbma|point-to-multipoint|wan-as-stub-ptmp]
set ospf area Area external on|off	- see page 11-12
set ospf area Area md5 Number String	- see page 11-13
set ospf area Area nssa on|off	- see page 11-14
set ospf area Area password String	- see page 11-15
set ospf area Area range Prefix/NM [advertise|quiet|off]	- see page 11-16
set ospf area Area stub-default-cost Number	- see page 11-17
set ospf enable|disable	- see page 11-18
set ospf priority Number	- see page 11-19
set ospf router-id Ipaddress|Number	- see page 11-20
show ospf areas	- see page 11-21
show ospf links [router|network|summary|external|nssa]	- see page 11-24
show ospf neighbor	- see page 11-27
show propagation	- see page 10-26
show routes [String|Prefix/NM]	- see page 11-29
show table ospf	- see page 11-21

OSPF Commands

Note ¯ The order of OSPF configuration is very important. First enable the use of OSPF on the PortMaster, then set priority (and router ID if desired), then set areas and ranges, and finally enable OSPF for the interfaces. See the PortMaster Routing Guide for more information.

add ospf area

This command adds an area to the area tables of the router.

add ospf area Area

Area	The area specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation. A 32-bit number.

Usage

Note ¯ Lucent does not currently support the use of virtual links either to create a noncontiguous area or to allow an area border router to be indirectly attached to the backbone.

Example

See Also

delete ospf area

This command deletes an area from the area table of the router.

delete ospf area Area

Area	The area specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation. A 32-bit number.

Example

ifconfig

This command displays configuration values for all interfaces, and is described more fully on page 2-9. Examples of output are given here to illustrate how ifconfig shows OSPF state parameters for the interface, with the identity of the designated router (DR), backup designated router (BDR), and other (OTHER) routers on the network.

ifconfig

Examples

Command> ifconfig
ether0: flags=40106<IP_UP,IPX_DOWN,BROADCAST,PRIVATE,OSPF>
inet 192.168.200.131 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.200.0
area 192.168.200.0 ospf-state DR mtu 1500

In the following example this router is the backup designated router:

Command> ifconfig
ether0: flags=40016<IP_UP,IPX_DOWN,BROADCAST,OSPF>
inet 192.168.200.130 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.200.0
area 192.168.200.0 ospf-state BACKUP mtu 1500

In the following example this router is neither the designated router nor the backup designated router:

Command> ifconfig
ether0: flags=40106<IP_UP,IPX_DOWN,BROADCAST,PRIVATE,OSPF>
inet 192.168.200.129 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.200.0
area 192.168.200.0 ospf-state DROTHER mtu 1500

reset ospf

This command recreates startup conditions with OSPF.

Caution ¯ Resetting OSPF can cause connections to be lost.

reset ospf

Usage

Example

save ospf

This command writes any changes in the OSPF area table configuration to the nonvolatile memory of the PortMaster.

save ospf

Usage

Example

set Ether0 ospf accept-rip

This command allows the propagation of RIP routes learned on this Ethernet interface into OSPF as Type 2 external routes.

set Ether0 ospf accept-rip on|off

Ether0	Ethernet interface.
on	Enables the propagation of RIP routes into OSPF .
off	Disables the propagation of RIP routes into OSPF. This is the default.

Usage

However, if the RIP routes learned from the Ethernet interface come from routers that are always running OSPF as well as RIP, leave this command set to the off default to avoid duplicating the route information.

Example

set Ether0 ospf on|off

This command enables or disables the OSPF protocol and allows optional settings on an Ethernet interface.

set Ether0 ospf on|off [cost Number] [hello-interval Seconds]
[dead-time Seconds]

Ether0	Ethernet interface.
on	Enables OSPF on the Ethernet interface.
off	Disables OSPF on the Ethernet interface.
cost	Cost of sending a packet on the interface-also known as the link state metric.
Number	Assigned cost for the interface-a 16-bit number between 1 and 65535. The default is 1.
hello-interval Seconds	Interval that must elapse between the transmission of hello packets on the interface. The range is 10 to 120 seconds; the default is 10 seconds.
dead-time Seconds	Number of seconds the PortMaster waits after ceasing to receive a neighbor router's hello packets and before identifying the remote router as unreachable. The range is 40 to 1200 seconds; the default is 40 seconds.

Usage

Note ¯ Make sure you set the same cost value, hello-interval value, and dead-time value for all routers attached to a common network.

Example

set location|S0|S10|W1|user ospf on|off

This command enables or disables the OSPF protocol and allows optional settings on any network hardwired port, location, or user.

set location Locname|S0|S10|W1|user Username ospf on|off [cost Number] [hello-interval Seconds] [dead-time Seconds] [nbma|point-to-multipoint|wan-as-stub-ptmp]

Note ¯ Enter this command on one line, without any breaks. The line breaks shown here are due to the limited space available.

Locname	Location in the location table.
S0	Asynchronous port-configured as a network hardwired port.
S10	ISDN port-configured as a network hardwired port.
W1	Asynchronous port-configured as a network hardwired port.
Username	Login or network user in the user table.
on	Enables OSPF on the Ethernet interface.
off	Disables OSPF on the Ethernet interface.
cost	Cost of sending a packet on the interface-also known as the link state metric.
Number	Assigned cost for the interface-a 16-bit number between 1 and 65535. The default is 1.
hello-interval Seconds	Interval that must elapse between the transmission of hello packets on the interface. The range is 10 to 120 seconds; the default is 10 seconds.
dead-time Seconds	Number of seconds the PortMaster waits after ceasing to receive a neighbor router's hello packets and before identifying the remote router as unreachable. The range is 40 to 1200 seconds; the default is 40 seconds.
nbma	Optionally sets the port as the interface to a nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) Frame Relay network that has full mesh connectivity and all routers on the Frame Relay running OSPF. If you set the port to this value, a designated router is elected on the Frame Relay network, and overall OSPF traffic overhead is reduced. This is the default behavior.
point-to-multipoint	Optionally sets the port as the interface to a point-to-multipoint Frame Relay network. Use this setting when the Frame Relay network has partial mesh connectivity, or when all OSPF speakers on the network cannot communicate with each other. If you set the port to this value, the partially meshed Frame Relay network is modeled as a series of point-to-point interfaces.
wan-as-stub-ptmp	Optionally sets the port as the interface to a point-to-multipoint WAN-as-stub Frame Relay network. This setting works similarly to point-to-multipoint, but is used in cases when the PortMaster must interoperate with other-vendor equipment that implements a variant of point-to-multipoint. If you set the port to this value, the Frame Relay network is advertised as a stub network in the router link state advertisement (LSA), as opposed to the standard host route.

Usage

To determine whether to set the port as point-to-multipoint instead of nbma, use the show route command and the show ospf links command. If show routes displays no routes learned over the Frame Relay interface, and show ospf links displays a large number of routes that might be available, configure the interface as point-to-multipoint.

To determine whether to set the port as point-to-multipoint or wan-as-stub-ptmp, use the show ospf links command to check the router LSAs of your neighbors on the Frame Relay network:

• If the LSAs show stub network link entries for the Frame Relay network, with the netmask for that network, configure the interface as wan-as-stub-ptmp.

• If the LSAs show the Frame Relay network as a host address, with a netmask of 255.255.255.255, configure the interface as point-to-multipoint.

  Note ¯ The values for each interface-specific setting must be the same on all routers attached to a common network.

Example

See Also

show routes - page 11-29

set ospf area external

This command allows the propagation of external routes into the OSPF area.

set ospf area Area external on|off

Area	OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
on	Designates this area as a transit area.
off	Designates this area as a stub area.

Usage

In contrast, a stub area does not attach to any area except the backbone, and has no exit other than to the backbone area. As a result, external routes are not propagated to stub areas, which must be given a default route to reach external destinations. Use the set ospf area stub-default-cost command to enable an area border router to create and inject default routes to stub areas.

Example

See Also

set ospf area md5

This command sets the secret for the OSPF area using the Message-Digest Algorithm (MD5) from RSA Data Security, Inc., as defined in RFC 1321.

Caution ¯ Do not overwrite the current key number with the same number; doing so causes the secret to be lost immediately.

set ospf area Area md5 Number String

Area	OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
Number	Key ID number associated with the MD5 secret. An integer from 1 to 255.
String	MD5 secret; an ASCII string of 1 to 16 characters.

Usage

When an MD5 key number and secret are changed, both the old and the new key numbers and secrets remain valid until a PortMaster reboot or a reset ospf command is issued. This feature facilitates the updating of area router information.

Example

set ospf area nssa

This command sets an OSPF area as a not-so-stubby area (NSSA), defined in RFC 1587.

set ospf area Area nssa on|off

Area	Address of the OSPF area being configured, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
on	Sets the OSPF area as an NSSA.
off	Disables the area as an NSSA.

Usage

Example

See Also

set ospf area password

This command sets the password for the OSPF area.

set ospf area Area password String

Area	OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
String	Password; an ASCII string of from 1 to 8 characters.

Usage

Example

set ospf area range

This command sets the ranges of network addresses that define an OSPF area and, optionally, the type of route propagation.

set ospf area Area range Prefix/NM [advertise|quiet|off]

Area	OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
Prefix	IP prefix shared by all IP addresses within the range.
/NM	Netmask that indicates the number of high-order bits in an IP address that must match those in Prefix for the address to belong within the area. The netmask value is a number from 1 to 30-for example, /24.
advertise	Summarizes routes to the networks within the range and propagates them to other areas. This is the default.
quiet	Does not summarize or propagate routes to the networks within the range.
off	Removes this range from the area.

Usage

A maximum of eight ranges can be given to a single area.

Note ¯ Make sure that the ranges set with this command include the addresses for all PortMaster interfaces within this OSPF area.

Example

set ospf area stub-default-cost

This command enables an area border router to create and advertise the default route (0.0.0.0) in a stub area or a not-so-stubby area (NSSA).

set ospf area Area stub-default-cost Number

Area	Address of the OSPF area being configured-specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
Number	Cost given to the default stub or NSSA route. This value is an integer from 0 to 15. Lower-cost routes are preferred. Setting Number to 0 disables the command.

Usage

Example

See Also

set ospf area nssa - page 11-14

set ospf enable|disable

This command enables or disables the use of OSPF on the PortMaster.

Note ¯ You must issue the save all and reboot commands immediately after issuing the set ospf enable command, before you can continue with any other OSPF configuration.

set ospf enable|disable

enable	Enables the use of OSPF on the PortMaster.
disable	Disables the use of OSPF on the PortMaster and frees the system memory used by OSPF, after the next reboot. This is the default.

Usage

Example

set ospf priority

This command sets the OSPF priority used to determine the designated and backup routers.

set ospf priority Number

Number

Number from 0 to 255. Choosing 0 means that this router cannot be assigned as a designated router at any time. 0 is the default.

Usage

The router with the highest priority on a network segment becomes the designated router. This calculation is performed on each interface separately. For example, on a PortMaster IRX-211, the router might be the designated router on Ether0, but not on Ether1. The router with the second highest priority on a network segment is chosen as the backup designated router. The backup designated router takes over as designated router if the designated router is unable to perform its duties.

Examples

set ospf router-id

This command sets the OSPF router address or ID number.

set ospf router-id Ipaddress|Number

Ipaddress	The OSPF router address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation. If the router address is set to 0.0.0.0, it defaults to the router's Ethernet address.
Number	A 32-bit number in decimal format. If the router address is set to 0, it defaults to the router's Ethernet address.

Usage

You must use the save all and reboot commands for the settings to take effect.

Caution ¯ Be careful when using this feature. When you set a new router ID, the links belonging to an old router ID might take as long as 1 hour to expire, and routing instability can result during the expiration period.

Example

See Also

show ospf areas

This command shows information on the configured OSPF areas.

show ospf areas

show table ospf

Usage

Examples

1. This example shows information on a transit area (External Routes = Yes) with simple password authentication and MD5 secret of abcd. MD5 is the Message-Digest Algorithm from RSA Data Security, Inc., as defined in RFC 1321.

Command> show ospf areas
		Authentication				Stub
Area	Network Range	Type	ID	Key	External Routes	DefaultCost
-----------	---------------	---------	---	------	--------	-------
192.168.96.0	192.168.96.0/24	Password		abcd	Yes	N/A
	172.16.1.0/24
	192.168.1.0/24

2. This example shows information on a stub area (External Routes = No) with an MD5 secret of defg, a key ID of 15, a default route 0.0.0.0, and a cost of 3 being injected into the stub area.

Command> show ospf areas
		Authentication				Stub
Area	Network Range	Type	ID	Key	External Routes	DefaultCost
-----------	---------------	--------	---	------	--------	-------
192.168.97.0	192.168.97.0/24	MD5	15	defg	No	3
	172.16.1.0/24
	192.168.1.0/24

3. This example shows information on a stub area with no default route, a current MD5 secret of defg, and an MD5 key ID of 15 being injected into the stub area. This router has learned of two other keys since the last reset ospf or reboot command: key ID 5 with a secret of oldkey, and key ID 3 with a secret of olderkey.

Command> show ospf areas
		Authentication				Stub
Area	Network Range	Type	ID	Key	External Routes	DefaultCost
-----------	---------------	-------	---	--------	--------	-------
192.168.97.0	192.168.97.0/24	MD5	15	defg	No	Not Set
	*172.16.1.0/24	MD5	5	oldkey
	*192.168.1.0/24	MD5	3	olderkey

4. This example shows information on a not-so-stubby area (NSSA) with no default route, a current MD5 secret of research, and an MD5 key ID of 2.

Command> show ospf areas
		Authentication				Stub
Area	Network Range	Type	ID	Key	Area Type	DefaultCost
-----------	---------------	------	---	--------	--------	-------
192.168.32.0	*192.168.32.0/24	MD5	2	research	NSSA	Not set

Explanation

This command shows a summary of the OSPF database with one line per link state advertisement (LSA). By default, router links, network links, summary links, NSSA links, and external links are listed in summary form. For more detailed information use the options separately.

show ospf links [router|network|summary|external|nssa]

router	Provides more detail for router links.
network	Provides more detail for network links.
summary	Provides more detail for summary links.
external	Provides more detail for external links.
nssa	Provides more detail for NSSA external links.

Example

Explanation

Link ID	For router links, the value in this column identifies the router address. For network links, this value identifies the designated router address. For summary and external links, this value identifies the network address advertised by the route that those links represent.
Advertising Router	OSPF router ID of the router that originated the link state advertisement.
Sequence	Link state sequence number used to detect old and duplicate link state advertisements (LSAs). Typically, the larger the sequence number, the newer the advertisement. When a router is rebooted, it might receive its old advertisements that are still known to other routers. If so, the router then brings its neighbors up-to-date by flooding the network with a new advertisement that has a sequence number larger than the number used in the old LSAs.
TOS	Type of service YES-This router supports TOS. NO-This router does not support TOS. Currently only the TOS 0 metric is supported. For more information on TOS-based routing, see RFC 1349 and RFC 2178.
Ext	External. This column indicates if external advertisements are to be flooded into the area.
Age	Age of the LSA links in seconds. Links age out in 1 hour (3600 seconds), unless they are refreshed with a new (larger) sequence number.
Mask	Netmask for the Link ID.

show ospf neighbor

This command shows information about routers directly accessible through your network interfaces.

show ospf neighbor

Example

Explanation

Interface	Interface used to learn about the neighbor.
Area	Area to which the interface belongs.
Neighbor	Router ID of the neighboring router. This ID might not match the neighboring router's IP address.
State	OSPF state of the neighbor. The possible states follow: Down: Either the link to the neighbor is down, or this router is currently not receiving hello packets from the neighbor. Init: The connection with this neighbor has been reset, and this router has received no answering hello packet from the neighbor to indicate that the neighbor has received a hello packet from this router. 2Way: This router received a hello packet from the neighbor that indicates the neighbor has received a hello packet from this router.
	Exstart: The router is beginning to form an adjacency with this neighbor. This state occurs only between a designated router (DR) or backup designated router (BDR) and the other routers on the network segment they service. Neighbors that are neither designated routers nor backup designated routers never advance beyond the 2Way state with each other. Exchange: The router is exchanging current LSA information with the neighbor. Loading: The router and the neighbor have finished exchanging information and are updating each other with the LSAs they need to share. Full: One of the following three states indicating that the router and the neighbor are now up-to-date with each other, sharing fully identical LSA information: Full-This neighbor is not a designated router or backup designated router. Full/DR-This neighbor is the designated router. Full/BDR-This neighbor is the backup designated router. See the examples of using the ifconfig command on page 11-5 to show a designated router or backup designated router.
Pri	Stated priority of the neighbor.
IP Address	IP address of the neighbor. This value might not match the router ID.
Last Hello	Time in seconds that has elapsed since the router last received a hello packet from the neighbor.
MD5 ID	A neighbor can be using one of many MD5 secrets. This field shows the ID of the corresponding MD5 secret that is being used by the neighbor. See the set ospf area md5 command on page 11-13 for more information.

show routes

This command shows the IP routing table. See the information on routing in the PortMaster Configuration Guide.

<a show routes Shows active and static IP routing table>show routes [String|Prefix/NM]

String	Displays only routes that contain the matching String. For example, show routes ospf shows only routes that contain the matching string ospf in a search of the route database.
Prefix/NM	Displays routes only to the destination indicated by this IP address prefix Prefix and netmask NM. The netmask indicates the number of high-order bits in the IP prefix. Specify Prefix in dotted decimal notation. Specify NM as number from 1 to 32, preceded by a slash (/)-for example, /24.

Example

Explanation

Destination	IP address of the host or network to which packets are sent.
Mask	Netmask in use for the destination.
Gateway	IP address of the directly connected host through which packets are forwarded to the destination.
Source	Source of the route information:
	local	Route learned from an interface on the PortMaster.
	rip	RIP route learned from a connected network.
	ospf	OSPF route learned from an internal neighbor.
	ospf/E1 ospf/E2	OSPF route learned from Type 1 external or Type 2 external routes.
	ospf/N1 ospf/N2	OSPF route learned as Type 1 external or Type 2 external routes from not-so-stubby areas (NSSAs).
	ospf/IA	OSPF route originating from another area and learned via an area border router.
	bgp/D	BGP route for the default network (network 0).
	bgp/E	BGP route learned from an external neighbor.
	bgp/I	BGP route learned from an internal neighbor.
	temp	Route learned from RADIUS. Removed from the routing table when the user logs off.
Flag	H-A host route. N-A network route. S-A static route-that is either configured (permanent) or learned via a RADIUS Framed-Route (temporary). L-A route attached to an interface on the PortMaster. D-A route dynamically learned via RIP or OSPF. C-A changed route that has yet to be advertised to all interfaces. O-An obsolete route scheduled for deletion.
Met	Metric-Hop count to the remote destination.
Interface	Interface used for forwarding packets to the gateway for the destination.